About COVID-19
COVID-19, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus and first identified in 2019, rapidly became a global pandemic, and was declared as such by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Infection by the disease is presented by a wide range of symptoms, varying from asymptomatic infection to severe respiratory illness, and in rare cases, death. It spreads primarily through respiratory particles, including those expelled by individuals who do not exhibit symptoms.
Belonging to the β-genus coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 particles are round or elliptical in shape with a diameter of 60-140 nm. The virus is distinct from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and shares over 85% genetic similarity with bat SARS-like coronaviruses (bat-SL-CoVZC45).
SARS-CoV-2 primarily spreads through direct or close contact with infected individuals, as well as through respiratory droplets expelled during activities like coughing, sneezing, talking, or singing. Some evidence also suggests the possibility of indirect transmission through aerosol particles or contaminated surfaces. The incubation period typically ranges from 1 to 14 days, with the most common duration being 3 to 7 days.
The most common symptoms include fever, dry cough, and fatigue, but others like sore throat, headache, and muscle aches may also occur. High-risk groups include older adults and those with pre-existing medical conditions like cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory issues, diabetes, or cancer, who are more likely to develop severe illness.
While not all infected individuals develop antibodies, tests detecting these antibodies can help gauge the pandemic’s reach and the population’s immune response. The duration of antibody persistence and their protective capacity remain uncertain.
The virus can spread not only when an individual is symptomatic but also before any noticeable symptoms appear. For a comprehensive list of COVID-19 symptoms, you can refer to the CDC's official website: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html. Understanding the nature of COVID-19 and its transmission is crucial in managing and combating this ongoing global health challenge.